Objective: To analyze the mutation situation and characteristics of 21 STR loci in Wenzhou population. Methods: A total of 21 200 samples from 9 418 paternity testing cases supporting parental relationship were collected and amplified with AGCU EX22 human fluorescent labeled STR multiplex amplification kit. The mutation rate of each locus and the source, fragment size, mutation steps and the increase or decrease of repeat units of mutant alleles were counted, and the correlation between mutation factors was analyzed. Results: In 9 418 paternity tests, 314 mutations cases and 319 mutation events were observed. Mutation was observed in 20 loci out of 21, with the mutation rate ranging between 0.08‰ and 3.48‰, and there was no significant difference in the mutation rate among each locus (χ2=29.77, P>0.05). The ratio of paternal mutation to maternal mutation was 4.78:1, and the mutation probability of paternal allele was generally greater than that of maternal allele, showing statistical difference (t=4.55, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the increase,decrease and uncertainty of repeat units between paternal mutation and maternal mutation (χ2=0.28, P>0.05). There was significant difference in the increase, decrease and uncertainty of repeat units between one-step mutation and two-step or more mutations (χ2=7.22, P<0.05). There was statistical difference in the increase, decrease and uncertainty of repeat units in short, medium and long segment allele mutations (χ2=26.81, P<0.05). Conclusion:The allele mutation of STR locus is common, which should be paid attention to in the paternity test and the construction of DNA family search database.
Objective: To explore the influencing factors of problematic phone use among college students in order to provide empirical evidence for mental health education and psychological intervention. Methods: A convenient sampling was used to conduct online questionnaire survey in November 2021 among 6543 college students from freshmen to seniors in China, who completed Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale of Self-Determination Theory, Brief Self-Control Scale, Sleep Time Procrastination Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Fear of Missing Out Scale. When the subjects answered yes to more than 8 items out of 17 in Mobile Phone Addiction Index, they were classified as problematic phone use. Binary logistic regression method was used to analyze the data. Results: Problematic smartphone use was increasing among undergraduates in China. Self-control in normal phone user group was significantly higher than that in problematic phone user group (P<0.001), and basic psychological needs, biorhythm, the sense of time value, the sense of time efficacy, sleep time procrastination, sleep quality, emotion regulation, stress, anxiety, depression and fear of missing out were significantly lower than that in problematic phone user group (P<0.05). The protective factor for problematic phone use was high level of self-control (OR=0.774, 95%CI: 0.756-0.793, P<0.001). In contrast, the risk factors were high level of sense of time value (OR=1.062, 95%CI: 1.045-1.079, P<0.001), sense of time effectiveness (OR=1.071, 95%CI: 1.050- 1.092, P<0.001), sleep time procrastination (OR=1.114, 95%CI: 1.098-1.129, P<0.001), emotion regulation (OR=1.027, 95%CI: 1.018-1.037, P<0.001), stress (OR=1.047, 95%CI: 1.010-1.086, P=0.012), and fear of missing out (OR=1.052, 95%CI: 1.042-1.063, P<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings will aid the early prevention and treatment of problematic smartphone use among college students. Meanwhile, the correction of problematic smartphone use behavior and the influence of individual psychological factors need to be considered.