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2021 Vol. 51, No. 2 Published: 2021-02-25   87 Anti-tumor efficiency of α-solanine against nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro via ROS/mitochondrial pathway and its molecular mechanism WU Xianmin, ZHANG Jie, YANG Zifei, YE Fan, ZHANG Yue, CHEN Xiaoyun DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.001 Objective: To explore the effect of α-solanine on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-2 and its potential mechanism in vitro. Methods: CCK-8 assay was used to determine CNE-2 cell proliferation after α-solanine treatment. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of apoptosis related genes in CNE-2 cells. Mito-SOX was used to analyze changes of ROS production level. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed under transmission electron microscope. Results: α-Solanine significantly inhibited cell activity and triggered cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The expression of Aif and Caspase-8 was significantly increased in CNE-2 cells after 10 μmol/L α-solanine treatment of 48 h, compared with the control (P<0.01). The Bcl-2 expression and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were significantly decreased after α-solanine treatment (P<0.05). α-Solanine significantly increased intracellular ROS levels. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed mitochondrial damage in CNE-2 cells. Conclusion: α-Solanine can inhibit cell proliferation activity, induce increased ROS levels, cause mitochondrial damage, and finally trigger CNE-2 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 87-92 [Abstract] ( 1044 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2109 KB)  ( 678 ) 93 The involvement of serum extracellular histones in the progression of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in newborn rats by promoting apoptosis ZHU Ronghe, SUN Yuanyuan, WANG Kai, WANG Qiu DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.002 Objective: To investigate whether extracellular histones are involved in the injury of neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by promoting apoptosis. Methods: Fifty-four 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into as sham-operation group, Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) group and treatment group, each group was randomly subdivided into the 6 h, 24 h and 72 h groups (6 rats each subgroup). The HIBD model was established using the improved rice method. Plasma extracellular histones and the brain tissue histopathologic changes and the index of apoptosis were observed 6 hours, 24 hours and 72 hours after HIBD. Results: In the HIBD group, compared with the sham group, the brain water content was increased (P<0.05). HE staining showed the brain tissue structure was damaged and Nidner staining showed the brain tissue loss rate was increased (P<0.05). The plasma extracellular histone content was increased (P<0.05). Tunel staining showed apoptotic cells were increased and expression of apoptotic protein cleaved caspase-3 was increased (P<0.05).Compared with HIBD group, the brain water content was decreased (P<0.05). HE staining showed the brain tissue structure damage was decreased and Nidner staining showed the brain tissue loss rate was decrease (P<0.05).The plasma extracellular histone content was decrease (P<0.05). Tunel staining showed apoptotic cells were decreased and the expression of apoptotic protein cleaved caspase-3 was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum extracellular histones may be involved in the injury of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in newborn rats by promoting apoptosis. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 93-98 [Abstract] ( 694 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2176 KB)  ( 688 ) 99 The role of miR-155 in angiotensin II-induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its mechanism SHI Zhewei, LIU Shengxin, QIN Chengfan, ZHANG Liuping, QIAN Caizhen DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.003 Objective: To determine the role of miR-155 in angiotensin II-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells and to explore its specific regulatory mechanism.Methods: Cultured in vitro, NRK-52E renal tubular epithelial cells were divided as control group, Ang II group,NC miRNA treatment group, miR-155 inhibitor treatment group, solvent control group and Akt agonist treatment group. CCK8 method was used to detect cell proliferation level, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of EMT related proteins, TGF-β protein and the phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (AKT). Also, qPCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-155, and the fluorescence intensity of collagen I protein were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results: With the up-regulation of Ang II concentration, the proliferation ability of NRK-52E cells, TGF-β and the expression levels of EMT-related proteins increased significantly (all P<0.05), and miR-155 expression levels were also significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Compared with the Ang II treatment group, the expression levels of miR-155, EMT-related proteins and AKT protein phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced in the miR-155 inhibitor treatment group (all P<0.05). Compared with the miR-155 inhibitor treatment group and the solvent control group, the expression levels of EMT-related proteins and the phosphorylation levels of AKT protein in the AKT agonist treatment group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion: miR-155 may promote the process of EMT in NRK-52E cells by regulating the AKT pathway. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 99-104 [Abstract] ( 715 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2247 KB)  ( 639 ) 105 Effect of HMGA gene silencing on the growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells LI Binwu, YE Zhenyue, YANG Sijia DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.004 Objective: To investigate the effect of HMGA1 and HMGA2 gene silencing on the malignant proliferation and metastasis of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and the corresponding mechanism.Methods: The proliferation capacity of A549 cells was analyzed by MTT assay after silencing HMGA1 and HMGA2 gene. The effect of HMGA1 and HMGA2 gene silencing on the apoptosis of A549 cells were determined by flow cytometry. Scratch assay was used to analyze the migration ability of A549 cells after silencing HMGA1and HMGA2 genes. Q-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of apoptosis and metastasis related factors in mRNA and protein level after HMGA1 and HMGA2 gene silencing. Results: Silencing HMGA1 and HMGA2 genes with siRNA-HMGA1 and siRNA-HMGA2 for 48 h, A549 cell viability decreased (P<0.05).The results of Q-PCR showed that siRNA-HMGA1 inhibited the expression of apoptosis related genes FOXM1 and c-Myc (P<0.05). The effect of siRNA-HMGA1 on the expression of genes related to invasion (E-Cadherin,N-Cadherin and Vimentin) had no statistical difference (P>0.05). The results of western blot confirmed that siRNA-HMGA1 impaired the expression of FOXM1 and c-Myc in A549 cells (P<0.05). Similarly, siRNAHMGA2 inhibited the expression of FOXM1 and c-Myc (P<0.05). Meanwhile, siRNA-HMGA2 caused the expression of E-Cadherin (P<0.05), and inhibited the expression of N-Cadherin and Vimentin (P<0.05). Western blot confirmed the results of Q-PCR, where siRNA-HMGA2 impaired the expression of FOXM1 and c-Myc (P<0.05), increased the expression of E-Cadherin (P<0.05), and blocked the expression of N-Cadherin and Vimentin (P<0.05). Conclusion: Silencing HMGA1 and HMGA2 gene induced the apoptosis of A549 cells through down-regulating the expression of FOXM1 and c-Myc. Silencing HMGA2 gene inhibited the metastasis of A549 cells though down-regulation of N-Cadherin and Vimentin, and upregulating of E-Cadherin. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 105-110,117 [Abstract] ( 732 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4231 KB)  ( 615 ) 111 Identification of keratoconus-associated Hub genes and their pathways based on bioinformatics analysis ZHU Ye, TAN Qiufan, GONG Qianwen, HU Xiaojian, CHEN Shihao DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.005 Objective: To identify the keratoconus (KC)-associated potential target genes and to explore their potential mechanisms. Methods: The affymetrix microarray data of GSE77938 were downloaded from GEO database for further analysis. The GSE77938 dataset contained 50 samples, including 25 keratoconus patients and 25 normal controls. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was constructed by Cytoscape software. Results: In total, 1 547 DEGs were identified in keratoconus, including 1 103 up-regulated genes and 444 downregulated genes. GO analysis results showed that upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 1 220 pathways in biological processes (BP), 102 pathways in melanosome in celelular component (CC) and 102 pathways in Molecular function (MF). The enriched functions of downregulated DEGs were 99 pathways in BP, 64 in CC and 47 in MF respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed the up-regulated DEGs were enriched in 72 pathways, while the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in 8 pathways. The Hub genes, TNF, JUN, IFNG, PTPRC, ICAM1, FOS, IL6, CXCL8, LCK, CSF2, MMP9, ITGAX, CD40LG and IL10 were identified from the PPI network, and ClueGO analysis revealed that these genes were involved 6 significant pathways in GO terms and 3 pathways in KEGG. Conclusion: The identified DEGs and hub genes have promoted our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of keratoconus, and might be used as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the treatment of keratoconus. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 111-117 [Abstract] ( 783 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2157 KB)  ( 796 ) 118 Clinical phenotyping of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome based on excessive daytime sleepiness SHAO Chuan, FANG Qing, CHEN Yinyu, TU Jinjing DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.006 Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics in patients with obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and the possible risk factors of EDS.Methods: A total of 413 OSAHS patients were assigned to the EDS or the non-EDS group according to the Epworth sleepiness scores. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted on clinical features and polysomnographic variables. Results: The incidences of gasping/choking (51.8% vs. 36%), morning headache(25.5% vs. 11%), and memory loss (72.3% vs. 54.8%) were higher in the EDS group. A higher percentage of patients in the EDS group complained life (50.4% vs. 35.3%), work (47.5% vs. 19.5%) and commute (24.8% vs.9.6%) disturbance. The micro-arousal index (MAI) (50.72±21.20 vs. 39.43±19.50), apnea hypopnea index(AHI) (56.18±22.74 vs. 35.21±23.04), the longest time of apnea [(66.60±29.24)s vs. (55.05±25.01)s], oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (57.89±24.10 vs. 36.34±24.12) and the saturation impair time below 90% (SIT90)(14.5% vs. 4.3%) were higher or longer in the EDS group. The nadir [(63.96±16.85)% vs.(74.04±12.27)%] and mean nocturnal SpO2 [(91.25±4.55)% vs. (93.92±2.62)%] was lower in the EDS group. Multivariate analysis showed morning headache [OR(95%CI)=3.809(1.704-8.514)], memory loss [OR(95%CI)=1.914(1.002-3.654)],work [OR(95%CI)=3.445(1.772-6.698)] and commute disturbances [OR(95%CI)=2.468(1.061-5.738)] were independently associated with EDS, and the MAI [OR(95%CI)=1.030(1.015-1.045)], AHI [OR(95%CI)=1.043(1.006-1.081)] and SIT90 [OR(95%CI)=1.038(1.018-1.058)] were independent risk factors of EDS.Conclusion: OSAHS patients with EDS have more comorbid symptoms than those without EDS. Sleep fragmentation, AHI and nocturnal hypoxia are independent risk factors for EDS. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 118-122 [Abstract] ( 682 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1354 KB)  ( 668 ) 123 The value of 18F-FDG PET metabolic spatial heterogeneity quantitative analysis for the diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer LIN Jie, ZHENG Xiangwu, WANG Ling, YIN Weiwei, JI Xiaowei, TANG Kun DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.007 Objective: To quantitatively analyze the metastatic spatial heterogeneity (MSH) of benign and malignant lung nodules, and evaluate the diagnostic value of MSH for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: From January 2012 to August 2016, 367 patients with pulmonary nodules from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were studied retrospectively.The ROIs of different metabolic thresholds of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were plotted. The ipsilateral hilar angle was taken as the reference point and the maximum distance from the ROI boundary of each metabolic threshold to the ipsilateral hilar angle was measured and calculated. Linear regression analysis was performed on the distance values of different metabolic thresholds, and the corresponding linear slope k value was calculated. The absolute value of k represented the spatial heterogeneity of the lesion. The larger the k value,the higher the spatial heterogeneity. The diagnostic value of SUVmax, retention index (RI), PET/CT and MSH in NSCLC were calculated and compared. Results: Of the 367 pulmonary lesions, 252 were malignant and 115 were benign ones. The mean slope k values of the two groups were 1.40±0.68 and 2.28±1.53, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity,accuracy, PPV and NPV of MSH for NSCLC were 72.62%, 64.35%, 70.03%, 81.70% and 51.75%, respectively.The AUC under the ROC curves of MSH was 0.723, which was significantly higher than that of SUVmax (0.474), RI (0.597) and PET/CT (0.623) (all P<0.05). Conclusion: There was significant difference of 18F-FDG metabolic heterogeneity between pulmonary benign and malignant nodules. Compared with conventional PET/CT methods, MSH may improve the value in diagnosis of NSCLC. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 123-127 [Abstract] ( 741 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1438 KB)  ( 796 ) 128 An analysis of high-risk factors of venous thromboembolism in patients after cerebral hemorrhage and establishment of an early warning model WANG Hongxia, ZHANG Qixia, LI Dongmei, LI Jufang DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.008 Objective: To explore the high-risk factors of venous thrombo embolism (VTE) in patients after cerebral hemorrhage and to establish an early warning model to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of VTE. Methods: Totally 166 patients with VTE after neurosurgery cerebral hemorrhage in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2016 to June 2019 were randomly collected as the observation group, and 160 patients without VTE as the control group. Their general information as well as clinical and treatment data were collected, for an analysis of high-risk factors of VTE. An early warning model was established based on the summary results of the high-risk factors of VTE and the weight of the OR value. Results: The age, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). High risk factors for VTE in patients after cerebral hemorrhage: application of dehydrating agent (OR=8.889), bed time≥72 h (OR=7.091), muscle strength≤grade 3 (OR=1.515), central venous catheterization (OR=2.874), the application of hemostatic drugs (OR=2.946). The protective factors for VTE after cerebral hemorrhage included the application of preventive anticoagulants (OR=0.444). Compared with moderate to severe patients, light coma and conscious patients were not so easily inflicted by VTE (OR=0.138, 0.228). After the early warning model was established, the ROC curve proved it was effective. When the score was greater than 17.5 points, it was evaluated as high risk. Conclusion: The establishment of a risk warning model for VTE in patients after cerebral hemorrhage can detect high-risk patients in time so that preventive measures can be taken as soon as possible. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 128-132 [Abstract] ( 766 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1395 KB)  ( 679 ) 133 Chloroprocaine applied to femoral nerve block and its effect on rehabilitation exercises after total knee arthroplasty LI Jiajia, XIA Ruiqiang, WU Hong, LI Jun, MA Jianfeng DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.009 Objective: To explore the application of chloroprocaine given for femoral nerve block and its effect on rehabilitation exercises after total knee arthroplasty. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2018, 60 patients who had unilateral knee surgery with symptoms of the contralateral knee joint were selected in the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving 1% chloroprocaine 0.2 mL/kg (group C) or 0.9% sodium chloride solution 0.2 mL/kg (group NS). All patients underwent femoral nerve catheterization before surgery, and began knee functional exercises 48 h after surgery, 3 times a day for a total of 4 days. Drugs were administered to block femoral nerve 10 min before training. The NRS scores, maximum range of motion (ROM) of the third exercise every day before and after administration were recorded, as well as the NRS scores, maximum ROM, the training satisfaction and AKS scores on day 7 after surgery. Results: In group NS, there was no significant difference in ROM and NRS scores before and after the third administration every day on day 3-6 after surgery (P>0.05), but in group C, the ROM after the third administration every day on day 3-6 after surgery increased significantly compared with those before administration (P<0.01), while the NRS scores decreased apparently (P<0.01). ROM of group C on day 6 before administration, ROM on day 7 and training satisfaction were all significantly better than that of group NS(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in NRS and AKS scores between two groups on day 7 after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion: 1% chloropprocaine 0.2 mL/kg given for femoral nerve block can alleviate the pain caused by early rehabilitation exercises after total knee arthroplasty, and improve the postoperative range of joint motion as well as the training satisfaction of the patients. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 133-137 [Abstract] ( 692 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1357 KB)  ( 643 ) 138 The value of dual-source CT prospective ECG-gated technique in central venous angiography HU Xianghua, LU Chenying, ZHAO Zhongwei, CHEN Chunmiao, LIN Guihan, SU Yanping, JI Jiansong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.010 Objective: To evaluate the value of prospective ECG-gated technique in central venous angiography. Methods: Sixty patients who underwent central venous CTV with Siemens third-generation dualsource Force CT in our hospital from July 2016 to January 2020 were randomly divided into two groups of 30 and were treated with 120 kV tube voltage, an effective tube current of 100 mAs and Care Dose 4D technology with a collimation width of 192×0.6 mm. The conventional scanning mode was used in the routine group, with pitch 0.8 and rotational speed 0.5 s/circle. The prospective ECG-gated group rotational speed 0.25 s/circle, when the heart rate was less than 70 beats/min, the scan was triggered by 60%-70% phase; when the heart rate was more than 70 beats/min, the scan was triggered by 30%-45% phase; and the best phase image was automatically reconstructed by the system. The (ED), scanning time of the effective radiation dose, and the image quality of the central vein were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in age, sex,heart rate, BMI, and scan length between the routine group and the prospective ECG-gated group (P>0.05). The scanning time in the routine group (3.29±0.41)s was significantly less than that in the prospective ECG-gated group (9.91±0.95)s, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The DLP (mGy·cm),CTDIvol (mGy), and ED (mSv) of the routine group were 234.26±26.52, 9.27±0.88, and 3.98±0.45 respectively.There was no significant difference in DLP, CTDIvol, and ED between the prospective ECG-gated group and the prospective ECG-gated group (233.01±25.89, 9.24±0.97 and 3.96±0.44, respectively) (P>0.05). Nonparametric test was used to compare the image quality of 420 segments of the central vein between the two groups. The image quality scores of superior vena cava, left brachiocephalic vein and right brachiocephalic vein in the prospective ECG-gated group were significantly higher than those in the routine group (P<0.05). The image quality scores of the left subclavian vein, right subclavian vein, left jugular vein and right jugular vein were better in the two groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The prospective ECG-gated technique is superior to conventional spiral CT scan in the examination of central venous vessels,which is worthy of clinical application. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 138-141,145 [Abstract] ( 745 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1427 KB)  ( 625 ) 142 A comparative study of CD31 expression level and image spatial heterogeneity between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules HONG Junjie, LIU Bole, CHEN Yao, TANG Kun, XUE Beihui, WU Sunjie, ZHENG Xiangwu DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.011 Objective: To analyze the spatial heterogeneity of microvascular density (MVD) in benign and malignant pulmonary nodules based on CD31 expression level. Methods: Thirty-five cases of paraffin tissue specimens were collected after wedges resection of pulmonary nodules, including 7 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 23 cases of adenocarcinoma and 5 cases of inflammatory nodules. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of CD31, a microvascular marker in the proximal and distal pulmonary nodules. Paired t-test and independent sample t-test were used to analyze the difference of CD31 expression level between intragroup and inter-group. Results: CD31 expression in the proximal/distal part of the 30 malignant nodules was 19.2±8.6 and 13.3±6.8, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). The CD31 expression in the proximal/distal part of 5 benign nodules was 28.2±10.0 and 26.8±3.0, respectively, without statistical difference (P>0.05).The comparison between benign and malignant groups showed that the expression of CD31 at the distal part of benign nodules was higher than that of malignant nodules (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the expression of CD31 at the proximal part of benign and malignant nodules (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on CD31 expression level, difference exists in MVD of proximal/distal part between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, which provides pathological basis for the spatial heterogeneity of benign/malignant pulmonary nodules. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 142-145 [Abstract] ( 722 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1404 KB)  ( 616 ) 146 Preliminary study of a three-dimensional numerical model of individualized autologous arteriovenous fistula based on CT angiography JIA Xiufen, LIU Jinjin, PAN Kehua, ZHENG Chenfei DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.012 Objective: To explore the feasibility of establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of individualized autogenous arteriovenous fistula. Methods: MIMICS software was used to read the raw data in DICOM format during CT angiography of autologous arteriovenous fistula patients. A combination of threshold segmentation and manual segmentation was used for the 3D reconstruction of the region of interest. The numerical simulation of the model was performed with CFX software to analyze the hemodynamic parameters associated with autologous arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. Results: The three-dimensional finite element model of individualized autologous arteriovenous fistula was reconstructed successfully, which could visualize the blood flow distribution characteristics of the fistula area. The largest flow velocity was at the arterial end of the internal fistula. Part of the main blood flow entering the tumor body at the vein end developed into a vortex along the tumor wall, and the other part of blood flow forms a smaller vortex toward the center of the tumor before reaching the outlet. The secondary blood flow was along the tumor wall directly to the outlet. Conclusion: Compared with idealized experimental models, a realistic visualized 3D numerical model of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on relatively non-invasive CTA image data is not only feasible and reliable, but also more specific, which can visually assess the hemodynamic status of the fistula area and facilitate early individualized intervention. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 146-149 [Abstract] ( 606 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1456 KB)  ( 652 ) 150 The cleaning effect of deferent water temperatures on individual atomizer SU Lidan, YE Yuanyuan,JIANG Xiaoqiong, WANG Dan, ZHANG Xueqing, LU Xueqin, WEN Hong, CAI Fuman DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.013 Objective: To explore the effect of different temperatures of cleaning water on the removal of microorganism from the surface of inpatients’ atomizer. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed in the 120 children from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University by setting up one control group and three experimental groups according to the water temperature used for washing and soaking after atomization treatment. The water temperature of the control group was 15-25 ℃, and the three experimental groups were subdivided according to the different water temperature as group A (30-45 ℃), group B (50-60 ℃) and group C (> 90 ℃), with the rest part of washing routine strictly done following the normal washing guideline. On the day 1, 3, 5, 7 after the use of the atomizer, sample from the standby atomizer surface were submitted for inspection.According to the qualification standard that microbial colony is ≤20 cfu /piece and no pathogenic bacteria is detected, the pass rate of microbial samplings on the surface of atomizer was compared with the control in different use time and different groups. Results: After using the atomizer for 1 day, the pass rate of the control group was 96.7% and that of each test group was 100% (P>0.05). After using the atomizer for 3 days, the control combination pass rate was 50.0%, the test combination pass rate was 66.7% in group A, 90% in group B and 100% in group C(P<0.001). After using the atomizer for 5 days, the control combination pass rate was 48.1%, the test combination pass rate was 53.6% in group A, 92.9% in group B and 100% in group C (P<0.001). After using the atomizer for 7 days, combined pass rate of the control group was 52.9%, and that of the experimental group was 50.0% in group A, 92.3% in group B and 100% in group C (P<0.01). Conclusion: With the increase of water temperature, the effective removal rate of residual microorganism on the surface of the atomizer was increased under conventional cleaning and preservation. The water temperature above 50 ℃ can effectively remove the residual microorganism on the surface of the atomizer and ensure the effective cleaning of the atomizer. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 150-154 [Abstract] ( 603 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1376 KB)  ( 584 ) 155 The effectiveness of new posture method of hemithyroidectomy on reducing the posture symptom of thyroid surgery: a clinical observation LI Ying, CHEN Weiwei, XU Duo, ZHANG Liqing DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2021.02.014 Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the new posture method of hemithyroidectomy on reducing the posture symptom of thyroid surgery. Methods: Clinical data of 81 patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy and 132 patients who had traditional thyroidectomy from June 2019 to December 2019 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The gender (33/99 vs. 20/61, P=1.000), age [(52.4±9.4)y vs. (51.5±10.2)y, P=0.546], bleeding [(16.80±2.64)mL vs. (16.72±2.61)mL, P=0.815] and operation time[(64.25±5.45)min vs. (63.00±6.58)min, P=0.135] of the two groups of patients had no statistical difference.Compared with the traditional surgery group, the patients who undergone hemithyroidectomy had shorter incision (6.47±0.78)cm vs. (4.93±0.32)cm, P<0.001], less posture symptom of thyroid surgery (surgical tolerance 42.4% vs.16.0%, P<0.001; headache 61.4% vs. 24.7%, P<0.001; nausea and vomiting 49.2% vs. 17.3%, P<0.001) and better surgical field exposure (Level 1 exposure rate 49.2% vs. 72.8%, P=0.001). Conclusion: The new posture method of hemithyroidectom, which is safe and feasible, can effectively reduce the occurrence of the posture symptom of thyroid surgery. 2021 Vol. 51 (2): 155-157 [Abstract] ( 625 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1336 KB)  ( 657 )

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