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2015 Vol. 45, No. 7 Published: 2015-07-25   469 Toxicokinetics of methomyl in rabbits WANG Zhiyi1,WANG Chunlong2,WANG Xianqin3, CHEN Jin1, SUN Laifang1, MA Jianshe2 Objective: To observe the toxicokinetics of acute methomyl poisoning in rabbits, and to explore its damaging effects on tissue and organ. Methods: Disposable gavageing methomyl dose 12 mg/kg, to observed symptoms and signs at different time points. The process of metabolism and absorption of methomyl were detected by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in rabbit plasma, drawing concentration-time curve. The toxicokinetic parameters were analyzed and calculated by DAS 2.0 software. The pathological changes of brain, heart, liver, kidney were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Blood biochemistry was analyzed with biochemical analyzer at each time point. Results: The parameters were AUC0-t (1 209.734± 219.542) μg/L·h. MRT0-t (1.731±0.144) h, t1/2z (1.471±0.277) h, Tmax 0.25 h, CLz/F (9.576±1.816) L·h-1·kg-1, Vz/F (20.225±4.703) L/kg in methomyl toxicokinetics. The pathological changes, cellular infiltration and edema were visible under light microscope in heart, liver, brain. Compared with previous exposure, the Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) elevated after exposure for 6 h, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Troponin-I (cTn-I) increased at 2 h after exposure, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Cholinesterase (AchE) activity decreased rapidly after 0.25 h exposure, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), returned to normal levels after exposure for 6 h. Conclusion: The toxicokinetics of Methomyl gavaged poison is in accordance with two-compartment model, its half-life in vivo is short, metabolism is rapid after poisoning, different degrees damages are detected in the brain, heart, liver, kidney organs. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 469- [Abstract] ( 801 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1655 KB)  ( 1358 ) 474 The establishment of a specific E.coli for detection of mercury (II) ions XIAO Fanglan, LV Panpan, YAN Xijuan, JI Songjun, WANG Wu, LV Jianxin. Objective: To construct a specific biosensor to detect mercury ions using the enhanced cyan fluorescent protein as a reporter. Methods: The fusion reporter vector, merR-O\P-ecfp-T, was constructed using ecfp as reporter gene. Then the reporter vector merR-O\P-ecfp-T was transformed into Escherichia coli MC4100 wide type strain. The growth conditions optimization of this completed biosensor and its specificity and the optimum detection range parameters were determined. Results: The results showed that the mercury biosensor had a good specificity, the optimal detection range of mercury concentration was 0.15-38.4 μmol/L. A specific biosensor were successfully constructed to detect mercury ions. Conlusion: The work provides the foundation for developing other hypersensitive biosensors for the chemicals such as explosives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals that are important to national security, human health, environment, energy supply and food safety. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 474- [Abstract] ( 621 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1476 KB)  ( 948 ) 479 Estabshment of acute graft versus host disease model after BUCY conditioning regimen in allogeneic transplanted mice CHENG Tingting1,2, ZHOU Lin1, LIANG Bin1, CHEN Huiyao1, YU Kang1. Objective: To establish an acute graft-versus-host disease experimental animal model after allogeneic hematopoietic were stem cell transplantation conditioned with busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY). Methods: BALB/C Recipients were divided into three groups accarding to 3 different doses of BU (35, 38, 40 mg•kg-1•d-1) for 4 days, followed by CY (100 mg•kg-1•d-1) for 2 days. On the 8th day recipient mice received bone marrow cells (2×107) and splenocytes (2×107) from the C57BL/6 donors. All recipients were monitored daily after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for clinical manifestations of aGVHD. Results: The recipients conditioned with BU of 40 mg•kg-1•d-1 exhibited progressive weight loss and all died within 6 days after reinfusion. The recipients received BU of 35 mg•kg-1•d-1 had no significant clinical manifestations of aGVHD with long-term survival. The recipients conditioned with BU dose of 38 mg•kg-1•d-1 exhibited severe aGVHD typical clinical symptoms and pathology manifestation. Conclusion: Through a BUCY-based conditioning regimen (BU 3 mg•kg-1•d-1+CY 100 mg•kg-1•d-1) together with the reinfusion of bone marrow cells (2×107) and splenocytes (2×107), aGVHD experimental animal model can be established. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 479- [Abstract] ( 679 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1676 KB)  ( 1042 ) 484 A comparative study of lanthanum carbonate and calcium acetate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in maintenance dialysis patients SHAO Ningjun1, WANG Dexuan2, ZHUANG Jieqiu2, PAN Min1, PAN Lulu1, ZHOU Zhihong1, FEI Jinping3, GAO Yiyi4, CAI Hui1,5. Objective: To explore the efficacy and the effects on vascular calcification between the new type phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate and traditional phosphate binder calcium acetate for hyperphosphatemia in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. Methods: 80 eligible patients were randomly divided into lanthanum carbonate group and calcium acetate group according to random number table. X-ray measurement was used to evaluate the degree of vascular calcification. Serum phosphorus, calcium, calcium-phosphorus product, and PTH were detected to compare the short-term and long-term efficacy and effects on vascular calcification between the two groups. Results: Serum phosphorus of both two groups were decreased in the short term. In the first two weeks of treatment, serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product between two groups were no significant difference. Treatment for 4 weeks, the levels of lanthanum carbonate group serum phosphorus were decreased significantly compared with the calcium acetate group (P<0.01) and the levels of calcium-phosphorus product were also reduced obviously (P<0.01). After 1 year maintenance treatment, the levels of serum phosphorus and PTH had no obvious difference, both of the two medicine can decrease the levels of serum phosphorus efficiently. However, the calcium-phosphorus product in lanthanum carbonate group was much lower than in calcium acetate group (P<0.01); Serum phosphorus of peritoneal dialysis patients in lanthanum carbonate group was decreased more obvious than hemodialysis patients (P<0.05). Compared the vascular calcification, 12 cases of the lanthanum carbonate group appeared slight calcification, moderately severe calcification 3 case, hypercalcemia 0 case, the rate of adverse effects was 37.5%; 14 cases of calcium acetate group appeared mild vascular calcification, moderately severe vascular calcification in 8 cases, 8 hypercalcemia, the rate of adverse effects was 75.0%. The difference was statistically significant by x2 test (P<0.01). Conclusion: Lanthanum carbonate is effective in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia of dialysis patients with better short-term efficacy, fewer hypercalcemia and lower calcium-phosphorus product compared to calcium acetate. And it has little influence on vascular calcification. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 484- [Abstract] ( 695 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1310 KB)  ( 883 ) 488 The expression of Notch 1 signaling pathway proteins in rat models of different degree traumatic brain injury WANG Wei, GAO Zhichao, ZHU Penglei, ZHENG Weiming, TU Ming. Objective: By detecting Notch 1 signaling pathway proteins Jagged 1 and Hes 1 in light of heavy colsed craniocerebral injury. The role of Notch 1 signaling pathways in traumatic brain injury was explore and the new direction of treatment for closed craniocerebral injury was provide. Methods: Use lateral fluid percussion method to make the light, medium and heavy closed craniocerebral trauma models. Groups of rats after 24 h of neurologic deficits were evaluated through the nervous system disease severity score (NSS), then use immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were used to detect Notch 1 signaling pathway downstream factors Jagged 1 and Hes 1. Results: The NSS score difference among the TBI groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), the brain contusion was heavier, the neurologic deficits were more obvious, which means the model was established successfully. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that in brain contusion the expression of Hes 1 and Jagged 1 levels were significantly higher than that the control group (P<0.05), and increased with the degree of brain injury, the expression of the proteins was increased. Conclusion: Notch 1 signaling pathway may be involved in the development process of craniocerebral injury, and may become the new target for therapy after traumatic brain injury. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 488- [Abstract] ( 601 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1691 KB)  ( 865 ) 493 Maternal exposure factors related with children’s allergic rhinitis during pregnancy LIAO Shiyu, YE Yufeng, YE Jianxiao, NI Liyan. Objective: To find the relativities between children’s allergic rhinitis and their mothers’ exposure factors during pregnancy. Methods: A number of 1 260 cases of 4 to 12-year-old allergic rhinitis outpatients confirmed by skin prick test from January 2012 to December 2013 and a control group of 927 cases were enrolled. A questionnaire survey was conducted among their mothers, to evaluate the environmental exposure, structure of diet and nutrition and infection condition during pregnancy for each of them. Results: The occurrences of allergic rhinitis were closely related to maternal exposure factors during pregnancy like pet keeping (OR: 2.271, 95%CI: 1.225-4.212), passive smoking (OR: 2.518, 95%CI: 1.792-3.538), infection (OR: 3.656, 95%CI: 2.301-5.811), occasional supplement of vitamin E (OR: 0.452, 95%CI: 0.301-0.678), sufficient supplement of vitamin E (OR: 0.337, 95%CI: 0.225-0.505) and consumption of vegetable oil (OR: 0.608, 95%CI: 0428-0.863). Conclusion: Children’s allergic rhinitis is relevant with maternal exposure factors during pregnancy such as diet, environment and infection. The prevention of allergic rhinitis should begin from the pregnant period, so as to achieve the goal of primary prevention. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 493- [Abstract] ( 578 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1284 KB)  ( 923 ) 497 The effect of silenced focal adhesion kinase on colorectal cancer metastasis in vivo HONG Weiwen1, SU Guoqiang2, YING Hongan3, LIN Feng1, LIANG Weidong1. Objective: Focal adhesion kinase gene silencing by Short Hairpin RNA can effectively inhibit colorectal cancer’s metastasis were confirmed through injection of FAK-knockdown colorectal cancer cells into nude mice. Methods: Twenty-four nude mice were randomly divided into three groups which were experimental group which inject FAK-knockdown colon cancer cells, negative control group whick inject negative control colon cancer cells and untreated group which inject untreated colon cancer cells. Nude mice were sacrificed after 6 weeks and tumor formation rate, mortality, tumor growth, liver and lung’s metastasis, miscrometastasis were observed and FAK protein expression were determined with HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Tumor formation rate was 100% in each group. Distant metastases, mortality and FAK protein expression of experimental group was significantly lower than that of the other two groups (P<0.05), meanwhile, the malignant lesion extent was lighter. While negative control group and untreated group were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion: Lentiviral packaging shRNA-mediated FAK gene silencing can significantly inhibit liver and lung metastasis of colorectal cancer. FAK is expected to be a new target for treatment of colon cancer metastasis. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 497- [Abstract] ( 588 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (2047 KB)  ( 945 ) 502 Modulation of green tea extract on activities and mRNA expressions of cytochrome P450 enzymes in rats ZHOU Ziye1, JIN Hui1, WANG Chenxiang1, HUANG Aifang1, WANG Xianqin2, LIN Guanyang1. Objective: To investigate the potential effects of green tea extract on activities and mRNA expressions of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in rats. Methods: After treatment with tea extract or water for 14 days, treatment group rats and control group rats were given the mixture of 4 probe substrates including phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide and midazolam. The plasma concentrations of probes at a series of time-points were determined with liquid chromatography tandom mass spectrometry. The activities of CYP450s were evaluated according to the pharmacokinetic parameters of corresponding substrates. Real-time PCR was applied to assess the mRNA expression levels of CYP450s. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of bupropion and tolbutamide from treatment group showed significant differences compared with control group, which indicated that green tea extract induced CYP2B1 activity and inhibited CYP2C11 activity. And no significant difference was found in pharmacokinetic parameters of phenacetin or midazolam from treatment group and control group. In addition, treatment with green tea extract significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of CYP2B1 and down-regulated the mRNA expression of CYP2C11, whereas it had no impact on CYP1A2 and CYP3A1. Conclusion: Continuous ingestion of green tea can modulate the activities and mRNA expressions of CYP2B1 and CYP2C11, which may lead to an undesired interaction. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 502- [Abstract] ( 680 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1609 KB)  ( 976 ) 507 Evaluation of regional left ventricular systolic function in pediatric patients with perimembranous ventricular septal defect using three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging WANG Zhen, TIAN Xinqiao, FU Dinghu, LIU Min, ZHAN Kungao, WU Daozhu. Objective: To evaluate regional left ventricular (LV) systolic function in pediatric with perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PmVSD) using three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI). Methods: Transthoracic full-volume 3D images were obtained in 40 patients with PmVSD and 35 age-and sex-matched controls. The full-volume 3D datasets were recorded, 3D-STI analysis provided measures of peak circumferential, radial, and longitudinal strain in 16 LV segments (6 basal, 6 mid, and 4 apical), left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic volumes (LVESV and LVEDV) were automatic measured. The strain values were compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis between LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF and LV systolic strain values were made respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, multidirectional strains for almostly all segments strain values were higher in patients with PmVSD, especially the peak systolic longitudinal strain in LV anterior, lateral wall basal segments, lateral, posterior wall middle segments and the peak systolic circumferential strain in LV lateral, inferior-septum wall middle segments and peak systolic radial strain in LV inferior-septum, lateral wall middle segments and basal segments were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Among strain parameters, averege peak longitudinal strain exhibited the highest correlation with LVEDV. There were no significant differences between two groups in LVEF. Conclusion: 3D-STI is able to confirm regional LV dysfunction in pediatric patients with PmVSD. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 507- [Abstract] ( 601 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1464 KB)  ( 902 ) 512 Curcumine attenuates herpetic neuralgia by down-regulated expression of p-NF-κB in a rat model PI Zhibing1, SHEN Bangli2, CAI Zhen1, XU Xuzhong1, LIN Hai1. Objective: To evaluate the effect of curcumin on herpetic neuralgia in rats and its mechanisms. Methods: Sixty rats with therpetic neuralgia induced by claw injection of HSV-1 and 20 healthy control (C group) rats whose claw were injected by normal saline were included. Twenty rats which had been injected HSV-1 were injected in intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg curcumin 5 days later (Dcur1 group), and 20 rats were injected 200 mg/kg curcumin (Dcur2 group), and the rest 20 rats were injected normal saline (D group ). We tested mechanical allodynia with electronic von frey and tested thermal hyperalgesia with radiant heat before HSV-1 injection, 5 days later after HSV-1 injection, on 1, 7, 14 days after curcumin or NS injection. p-NF-κB in lumbar spinal cord (L4~5) and DRG was estimated by immunohistochemistry at 14 d after NS or curcumine was given. Results: Compared to C group, Shingles rats exhibited significant pain hypersensitivity, as evidenced by decreased paw withdrawal threshold to electronic von Frey and decreased paw withdrawal latency to heat. After herpes infection, rat’s mechanical paw withdrawal threshold reduced from 43.8 to 15.0, and thermal withdrawal latencies reduced from 10.2 to 6.7. Phosphorylation of nuclear factor (p-NF)-κB expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn increased from 1.3 to 26.1, while phosphorylation of nuclear factor (p-NF)-κB expression in the dorsal root ganglion increased from 0.7 to 12.1. However, curcumine significantly attenuated the Shingles-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia and reduced the expression of p-NF-κB (Dcur1 spinal cord dorsal horn/dorsal root ganglion reduced to 5.7/4.8, Dcur2 spinal cord dorsal horn/dorsal root ganglion reduced to 3.1/2.0). Conclusion: Curcumine seems attenuate pain threshold in herpetic neuralgia rats, possibly through an inhibitory action on p-NF-κB expression in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 512- [Abstract] ( 691 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1420 KB)  ( 1053 ) 516 The expression of EIF5A2 in colorectal cancer cells and its role in 5-Fu chemoresistance FAN Yongshen1, CHANG Yinjuan2. Objective: To research EIF-5A2 overexpression in colorectal cancer and its effect on chemotherapy. Methods: EIF5A2 expression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) line (LOVO, SW48 and DLD1) was measured by Western-blot. LOVO cells were cultured in 5-Fu for 48 hours, and EIF5A2 expression was measured by Western-blot. LOVO cells were treated with EIF5A2-siRNA and exposed to 0.2 μg/L 5-Fu for 48 hours. Cell toxicity was assayed by MTT. Results: EIF5A2 was expressed in all three different CRC and was highest in LOVO cells (P<0.05). 5-Fu treatment led to elevated EIF5A2 expression (P<0.05). The transfection of EIF5A2-siRNA could improve the inhibit rate of LOVO to 5-Fu (P<0.05). Conclusion: EIF5A2 is expressed in CRC lines and it can enhance the chemoresistance of 5-Fu. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 516- [Abstract] ( 641 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1306 KB)  ( 940 ) 519 Effects of different intervention measures in preventing ovarian hyper-stimulation to polycystic ovary syndrome patients during ovarian stimulation LIN Jia1, ZHU Ruru2, ZHAO Junzhao1, WANG Peiyu1, XIAO Shiquan1, JIN Congcong1. Objective: To investigate the effects of different intervention measures in preventing ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS) to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients during ovarian stimulation of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conduced from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2013. 124 cycles of PCOS patients with high risk of OHSS in the process of ovarian stimulation underwent IVF were divided into three groups: converted IVM group (n=43), when follicle diameter≤12 mm, stopped using gonadotropin (Gn), then injected human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 10 000 IU; hCG early injection group (n=41), went on stimulating, when there were more than one follicle diameter≥16 mm or more than three follicles diameter≥14 mm, injected hCG 4 000-6 500 IU; low-dose hCG group (n=37), went on stimulating, when there were more than one follicle diameter≥18 mm or 2-3 follicles diameter≥16 mm, injected hCG 3 000-4 000 IU. Laboratory results, clinical outcomes and the incidence of OHSS were compared among three groups. Results: In converted IVM group, the total dose of gonadotrophin was lower and stimulation length was shorter than those of other two groups. The rate of oocyte maturation, cleavage, high quality embryos in converted IVM group were significantly lower than other two groups (P<0.05). In hCG early injection group, numbers of follicle≥14 mm on the hCG injection day were less and rate of good quality embryo was lower than in low-dose hCG group, and there were no difference with the rest indicators between the two groups. There was no OHSS occurrence in converted IVM group, mild to moderate OHSS incidence in other two groups was no significant difference. There was no difference among three groups of clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. Conclusion: For the PCOS patients with high risk of OHSS during ovarian stimulation in IVF-ET, converted IVM from IVF could completely avoid OHSS. Otherwise both protocols of hCG early induction and low- dose hCG could avoid the occurrence of severe OHSS, and there was no distinct difference in preventing OHSS. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 519- [Abstract] ( 656 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1303 KB)  ( 1154 ) 525 Analysis of phenotype and genotype in two Chinese pedigrees with inherited hypofibrinogenemia caused by γTrp208Leu YANG Lihong1, HAO Xiuping1, DING Hongxiang2, JIN Yanhui1, JIANG Minghua2, WANG Mingshan1. Objective: To analyze the phenotype and genotype of two Chinese pedigrees with inherited hypofibrinogenemiaidentify by the same mutation. Methods: Laboratory tests, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), plasminogen activity (PLG:C), and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) were detected in two pedigrees. The activity and antigen plasma fibrinogen (Fg:C, Fg:Ag) were analyzed by Clauss and immunoturbidimetry methods respectively. All the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the three Fg genes FGA, FGB and FGC were amplified by PCR and followed by direct sequencing. The mutation was analyzed by the Swiss-Model and PIC. Results: Two probands had normal PT, APTT, PLG:A and FDPs, but slightly prolonged TT. The Fg:C of the two probands were significantly reduced, 0.49 g/L and 0.63 g/L respectively. Their Fg:Ag were both significantly reduced, 0.63 g/L and 0.77 g/L respectively. These abnormalities were also found in his grandma and father of proband A, mother, aunt and cousin of proband B. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous G>T change at nucleotide 5792 in exon 7 of FGG gene in the two probands, predicting a heterozygous Trp208Leu mutation. Model analysis showed that the Trp208Leu mutation is disrupted the native hydrogen bonding network of Thr314, and changed the molecular geometries, increasing instability of the protein. Conclusion: Inherited hypofibrinogenemia in those two pedigrees were caused by heterozygous Trp208Leu mutation in the γ chain of Fg. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 525- [Abstract] ( 657 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1553 KB)  ( 1093 ) 530 The effect of diffrent doses of folic acid combined vitamin B to treat hyper homocysteine in maintenance hemodialysis patients LIU Qi, ZHANG Yifan, SHAO Guojian, ZHENG Yuenan, LI Jianfei, SHAO Lingjiu, HU Xiaoming. Objective: To study the the optimum dose of folic acid combined vitamin B to reduce the serum Hcy and improve cardiac structure. Methods: One hundred and twenty HD patients in our hemodialysis center were divided into 4 groups (each 30 patients). Group A (folic acid 0 mg/d+vitamin B6 60 mg/d+vitamin B12 0.5 mg/d), Group B (folic acid 5 mg/d+vitamin B6 60 mg/d+vitamin B12 0.5 mg/d), Group C (folic acid 15 mg/d+vitamin B6 60 mg/d+vitamin B12 0.5 mg/d), Group D (folic acid 30 mg/d+vitamin B6 60 mg/d+vitamin B12 0.5 mg/d). To tset Hcy before and after the first HD, at the middle and the end of the experiment in HD patients. The plasma folate concentration, vitamin B12, blood cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, carotid ultrasound, cardiac ultrasound, were tested before hemodialysis at the begin, middle and end of the experiment. The study time was one year. Thirty healthy physical examinations were selected as the control group. Results: Hcy in HD patients was significantly higher than that of controls. After taking folic acid combined B vitamins in HD patients, plasma folate concentration significantly rised, and the Hcy concentration decreased, especially in group B and group C. Folic acid dosage was increased in group D but plasma folate concentration did not rise, and Hcy also did not decline further. The plasma folate concentration was negatively related to the Hcy. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameterand and left ventricular mass index declined in groups of taking folic acid, especially in group B and group C, but did not decline further in group D. Conclusion: Taking folic acid dosage between 5-15 mg/d can be most effectively improved cardiac structure, reduced Hcy, therefore it can be used as taking the optimal dose of folic acid. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 530- [Abstract] ( 722 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1302 KB)  ( 1026 ) 534 Clinical analysis of curative effects of urinary tract infection in children caused by Escherichia coli YU Lingfang, CHEN Minguang, YANG Qing, ZHUANG Jieqiu. Objective: To summarize the curative effects of the antibiotics used for the treatment of the urinary tract infection (UTIs) in children caused by Escherichia coli and to provide the basis for empirical therapy. To discuss the associated risk factors of UTIs caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli which was no response to the cephalosporin antibiotics therapy. Methods: The treatment outcomes of 112 UTIs caused by Escherichia coli from 2011, January to 2012, December in our hospital were analyzed. Results: Effective power was 100%, if according to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The curative effect of empiric therapy for non-ESBL UTIs was also perfect. However, the curative effect of empiric therapy for ESBL UTIs was suboptimal, cephalosporin antibiotics was only 63.27%, β-Lactamase inhibitors combined drugs or carbopenems were nearly 100% for ESBL UTIs patients. In the subgroup of empiric therapy for ESBL UTIs with cephalosporin antibiotics, the no-response group had higher level of C-reactive protein, white blood count, higher rate of urinary tract anomalies, microalbumin and β2-microglobulin, when compared with response group. Conclusion: Empiric therapy by the third generation cephalosporin should be cautious for the patients with urinary tract anomalies, high level of inflammatory markers, microalbumin or β2-microglobulin, while β-Lactamase inhibitors combined drugs could be optional. However, in refractory and severe cases, carbopenems antibiotics are recommended. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 534- [Abstract] ( 638 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1281 KB)  ( 1090 ) 538 Correlation between Glomerular C4d deposition in IgA nephropathy and clinical pathology ZHANG Ting, CHEN Bo, LI Fanfan, CHEN Xiaoqian, HUANG Zhaoxing. Objective: To explore glomerular C4d deposition whether it is a new prognostic factor in IgA nephropathy. Methods: Seventy-eigth patients with the primary IgAN who underwent renal biopsy at our centre were enrolled from January 2011 to May 2014. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, systemic disease, and any type of secondary IgAN were excluded. C4d was detected with immunohistochemical staining in the paraffin embedded renal tissues, using a polyclonal antibody. The cases were divided into positive group and negative group according to the staining of C4d. Then the clinical and pathological parameters were compared between these two groups respectively. Results: Of 78 cases with the primary IgAN, 26 cases (33.3%) were defined as positive group and 52 cases (66.7%) were defined as negative group. C1q detections were negative by immunofluorescence in all these cases. Compared with negative group, C4d-positive patients had gross hematuria in less proportion, had higher incidence of hyperuricemia (male>488 μmol/L; female>363 μmol/L), low estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR<60 mL • min-1• (1.73 m2)-1] and hypoalbuminemia (Alb<30 g/L) at the time of renal biopsy. C4d-positive patients also had higher levels of serum creatinine and 24-hour urine protein. The proportion of patients with mesangial proliferation (M1), segmental sclerosis (S1), tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis (T1) was higher in C4d-positive group according to the Oxford pathologic classification criteria. Between positive group and negative group, there were no significant differences in gender, age, the course of disease, the incidence of high levels of serum IgA (>400 mg/dl), low levels serum complement C3 (<70 mg/dl) and the glomerular endothelial cell hyperplasia (E1) (P>0.05). Logistic regression univariate analysis showed that the glomerular deposition of complement C4d was correlated with gross hematuria, 24-hour urine protein, low eGFR, hypoalbuminemia, hyperuricemia, M1, S1, T1 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The patients with positive glomerular C4d staining with IgAN has heavier clinical injuries and pathological lesions, which suggests that glomerular activation of the lectin pathway of complement in IgA nephropathy is associated with more severe renal disease. 2015 Vol. 45 (7): 538- [Abstract] ( 588 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1419 KB)  ( 957 )

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