丁香精油和茉莉精油对抑郁症小鼠的治疗效果及其作用机制

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摘要目的：研究芳香物质对抑郁症的治疗效果及其作用机制。方法：首先选取多项生理指标相近的C57BL/6J小鼠45只，随机选取其中8只作为正常组，其余小鼠采用慢性不可预知轻度应激模型（CUMS）和孤养建立抑郁模型。28 d后筛选出造模成功的32只小鼠并随机分为4组，丁香组、茉莉组和蒸馏水组分别采用丁香精油、茉莉精油及蒸馏水雾化治疗，抑郁组与正常组不给予任何治疗，正常饲养。治疗完毕后测试每组小鼠的体质量、悬尾不动时间百分比、强迫游泳不动时间百分比、血5羟色胺（5-HT）浓度及13个嗅觉受体（OR）基因（MOR11、MOR1、MOR124、MOR16、MOR378、MOR544、MOR19、MOR744、MOR63、MOR148、MOR9、MOR151和MOR15）表达水平。结果：小鼠抑郁模型造模成功。治疗后，丁香组和正常组小鼠体质量、悬尾不动时间百分比、强迫游泳不动时间百分比及血清5-HT浓度差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），但和抑郁组及蒸馏水组比，这4项指标显著降低（P＜0.05）。茉莉组小鼠与正常组比除体质量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），其余指标均显著升高（P＜0.05），和抑郁组及蒸馏水组比，除体质量显著升高外，其余指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。蒸馏水组与抑郁组小鼠这4项指标差异无统计学意义。荧光定量PCR结果显示，小鼠抑郁之后，除MOR11外，其余12个OR基因表达水平显著降低。治疗后，与正常组比，丁香组小鼠中有8个基因（MOR11、MOR124、MOR15、MOR16、MOR378、MOR63、MOR744、MOR1）表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05），3个基因（MOR19、MOR151、MOR544）表达水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），2个基因（MOR148、MOR9）表达水平明显下降（P＜0.05）；茉莉组小鼠中则只有2个基因（MOR744、MOR1）表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05），3个基因（MOR11、MOR63、MOR151）表达水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），其余基因（MOR124、MOR15、MOR16、MOR19、MOR378、MOR544、MOR148、MOR9）表达水平显著下降（P＜0.05）；蒸馏水组小鼠有4个基因（MOR11、MOR63、MOR744、MOR1）表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05），4个基因（MOR124、MOR16、MOR378、MOR151）表达水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），其余基因（MOR15、MOR19、MOR544、MOR148、MOR9）表达水平显著下降（P＜0.05）。结论：丁香精油雾化治疗抑郁症效果较好，蒸馏水雾化基本上没有任何效果，茉莉精油雾化治疗抑郁症效果较差。芳香物治疗抑郁症效果与动物嗅觉受体基因表达水平关系密切。

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关键词 ：抑郁症, 丁香精油, 茉莉精油, 嗅觉受体基因, 慢性不可预知轻度应激模型, 聚合酶链反应, 小鼠

Abstract：Objective: To study the effects of odorants on the treatment of depression and their mechanisms. Methods: Forty-five C57BL/6J mice with similar in multiple physiological indices were selected. Eight of them were randomly picked out as norm group and the others were stimulated by the depression modeling methods: chronic unpredictable mild stress model (CUMS) and solitary rearing. After 28 days, 32 mice were screened and randomly divided into 4 groups. Three groups were treated respectively by using clove oil (clove group), jasmine oil (jasmine group) and distilled water (distilled water group) in atomization. The treatments were executed 3 times every day and one hour per time, lasting 28 days. The last group (depression group) and the normal group were not given treatment and normally reared for 28 days. Subsequently, multiple indices involve weight tail suspension test (TST) forced swim test (FST) and the serum concentration of 5-HT of mice and the expression levels of olfactory receptors (MOR11, MOR1, MOR124, MOR16, MOR378, MOR544, MOR19, MOR744, MOR63, MOR148, MOR9, MOR151, MOR15) of mice in all groups were tested. Results: The depression model of mice was successfully established after 28 days. After treatment, there were no significant difference in the indices of weight tail suspension test (TST) forced swim test (FST) and the serum concentration of 5-HT of mice between clove group and normal group, but the four indices decreased significantly, compared with the depression group and the distilled water group. However, all the indices except of the weight of jasmine group were significantly increased compared with normal group. There was no significant difference in other indices compared with the depression group and distilled water group except that the weight increased significantly, There were no significant differences in the four indices between distilled water group and depression group. The RT-qPCR results showed that the 12 of 13 olfactory gene expression levels in mice significantly decreased after depressed. After treatment, compared with the normal group, in clove group, 8 genes (MOR11, MOR124, MOR15, MOR16, MOR378, MOR63, MOR744, MOR1) expression levels increased significantly (P<0.05), 3 genes (MOR19, MOR151, MOR544) had no significant difference (P>0.05), the expression level of 2 genes (MOR148, MOR9) were significantly decreased (P<0.05); In jasmine group, only 2 genes (MOR744, MOR1) expression level was significantly increased (P<0.05), 3 genes (MOR11, MOR63, MOR151) had no significant difference (P>0.05), the expression levels of other genes (MOR124, MOR15, MOR16, MOR19, MOR378, MOR544, MOR148, MOR9) decreased significantly (P<0.05); in distilled water group 4 genes (MOR11, MOR63, MOR744, MOR1) expression levels increased significantly (P<0.05), 4 genes (MOR124, MOR16, MOR378, MOR151) expression level showed no significant difference (P>0.05), and the expression level of the other genes (MOR15, MOR19, MOR544, MOR148, MOR9) decreased significantly (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the remaining genes in each group. Conclusion: Clove oil is highly effective on depression, but jasmine oil and distilled water are rarely. Furthermore, the effect of odorants on depression is closely related to olfactory gene expression levels.

Key words： depressive disorder clove oil jasmine oil olfactory receptor genes chronic unpredictable mild stress polymerase chain reaction mice

收稿日期: 2017-10-12

基金资助:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203036）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LY15C030003）。

通讯作者: 谢红莉，教授，Email：770852190@qq.com。

作者简介: 林慧玥（1991-），女，浙江瑞安人，硕士生。

链接本文:

https://xb.wmu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.wmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2018/V48/I5/330

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